Public Auction 40 / Faleristics




























































































Public Auction 40 / Faleristics - Information
Faleristika
Faleristika je pomocná věda historická, která se zabývá popisem a historií řádů a vyznamenání. Pojednává o viditelně nošených vyznamenáních, tedy řádech, medailích a odznacích, jež byly uděleny za zásluhy jakéhokoli druhu.
Název faleristika zavedl jako první československý voják a sběratel řádů Oldřich Pilc kolem roku 1937. Výraz je odvozen ze starořeckého slova τὰ φάλαρα, označující kovové ozdoby na přilbách válečníků a jejich koní, převzatého Římany ve tvaru phalerae jako označení vojenských vyznamenání. Byly to kruhové medaile z bronzu, stříbra a zlata, s vyobrazením bohů a nošené na hrudi těchto válečníků.
Faleristika má úzký vztah k heraldice jako nauce o znacích. Heraldika i faleristika mají společné kořeny v době křižáckých válek, kdy se bojující rytíři zdobili symboly. Tyto symboly se staly odznaky tehdejších prvních rytířských řádů. Faleristika převzala heraldickou terminologii při popisování řádů. Předně zásady popisu z pohledu nositele řádu a nikoli z pohledu pozorovatele – čili pravá a levá strana se udávají obráceně. Záležitostí praktické heraldiky, tj. dodržováním jejích zásad, tvorbou a popisem znaků se kdysi zabývali příslušní královští úředníci – heroldi.